01974nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260001600202300001400218490000800232520142600240100002301666700001901689700002101708700002201729856004101751 2022 eng d a0001-496600aAcoustic scaling in the European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas)0 aAcoustic scaling in the European spiny lobster iPalinurus elepha cDec-01-2022 a3235-32440 v1523 a

Sound is an important cue for arthropods. In insects, sound features and sound-producing apparatus are tightly correlated to enhance signal emission in larger individuals. In contrast, acoustic scaling in marine arthropods is poorly described even if they possess similar sound-producing apparatus. Here, the acoustic scaling of the European spiny lobster is analyzed by recording sounds in situ at 1 m from a wide range of body sizes. The dimensions of associated sound-producing apparatus increased with body size, indicating sound features would also be influenced by spiny lobster size. Indeed, temporal sound features changed with body size, suggesting differences in calling songs could be used for spiny lobster acoustic communication. Source levels (peak–peak) ranged from 131 to 164 dB re 1 μPa for smaller and larger lobsters, respectively, which could be explained by more efficient resonating structures in larger animals. In addition, dominant frequencies were highly constrained by ambient noise levels, masking the low-frequency content of low intensity sounds from smaller spiny lobsters. Although the ecological function of spiny lobster sounds is not clear yet, these results suggest larger body sizes benefit because louder calls increase the broadcast area and potential interactions with conspecifics, as shown in the insect bioacoustic literature.

1 aJézéquel, Youenn1 aBonnel, Julien1 aEliès, Phillipe1 aChauvaud, Laurent uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.001636302721nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245007800054210006900132260001600201300001100217490000800228520209100236100002002327700002002347700002502367700002302392700001602415700001702431856006702448 2020 eng d a0044848600aAcoustic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed pelleted and extruded diets0 aAcoustic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed pelleted and extru cJan-08-2020 a7353070 v5253 a

Passive acoustics monitoring (PAM) is an exceptional tool to analyze the feeding behavior of shrimp, as they emit a “click” sound by the mandibular occlusion. Hence, acoustic demand-feeding systems based on the click signals energy have been applied to improve feeding management in shrimp farming. These acoustic signals may be affected by the texture properties of the foods pellets, which are modified by the manufacturing process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acoustic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei fed pelleted and extruded diets. Two commercial diets were used, manufactured by extrusion and pelleting processing with similar formulation (36% crude protein) and pellet diameter. Acoustic evaluation was performed with these diets offered “as is” dry and previously soaked in water for one and two hours in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The pellet hardness and moisture content were also measured. The acoustic trial was performed using omnidirectional hydrophones inside acoustic foam anechoic chambers. Three fastened shrimp (10 g) were placed inside acoustic chambers and audio recordings started (30 min) when food (0.5 g) was offered. The texture of diets was closely related to the acoustic intensity (Root Mean Square Amplitude - RMS) produced by L. vannamei during the feeding activity. The greater hardness of the extruded diet resulted in higher RMS than pelleted food when offered dry, which could be an advantage for the sound detection of feeding activity. The lower RMS observed when both diets were soaked suggests that softer texture pellets can be eventually ingested without the need of mandibles occlusion, and consequently without clicking sound emission. Additionally, unusual clicks train signals were first reported when shrimp fed soaked diets, probably due to mandibles rubbing. The relationship between textural properties and acoustical responses of foods should gain more attention, especially considering the potential applications on automatic acoustic feedback systems in shrimp farming.

1 aPeixoto, Silvio1 aSoares, Roberta1 aSilva, José, Filipe1 aHamilton, Santiago1 aMorey, Amit1 aDavis, Allen uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004484862030626802256nas a2200169 4500008004100000245021200041210006900253520154500322653001701867653003401884653001201918653003001930100002001960700002601980700002502006856005502031 2020 eng d00aAre terrestrial isopods able to use stridulation and vibrational communication as forms of intra and interspecific signaling and defense strategies as insects do? A preliminary study in Armadillo officinalis0 aAre terrestrial isopods able to use stridulation and vibrational3 a

The capability of producing sounds and vibrations is well known in insects and is thought to be a form of intra- and interspecific communication. Sounds and vibrations are used and modulated for several aims such as interacting with conspecifics, getting information from the environment, and defending against predators. This phenomenon is less known but also present in other arthropods, including a few roller-type terrestrial isopods. In this study, we used a Y-shape test apparatus to investigate the behavior of adult individuals of Armadillo officinalis Duméril, 1816 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) when exposed to two particular vibrational stimuli, namely species-specific stridulations and non-specific substrate-borne vibrations. Our results showed that adults of A. officinalis significantly react to the presence of both types of vibrational stimuli, by moving away from the vibrational source as if they experienced these vibrations as a sign of danger or disturbance. A. officinalis can produce stridulations only when it rolls into a ball during the so-called conglobation, a possible defense mechanism against predators. Stridulation might thus be a secondary form of defense used during conglobation to deter a predator following contact with it and might be experienced as an alert by conspecifics nearby. The high sensitivity to non-specific substrate-borne vibrations might provide A. officinalis with the possibility to anticipate dangers and adverse conditions, giving it a better chance of survival.

10abiotremology10aCrustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea10ainsects10avibrational communication1 aCividini, Sofia1 aSfenthourakis, Spyros1 aMontesanto, Giuseppe uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00114-019-1656-301875nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164520133000233100002701563700002001590700002301610700002301633700002201656856005101678 2019 eng d00aSound production mechanism in the semiterrestrial crab Neohelice granulata (Brachyura, Varunidae)0 aSound production mechanism in the semiterrestrial crab iNeohelic3 a

Very few studies of sound production in the Brachyura have simultaneously identified the type of individuals (e.g., sex) producing acoustic signals, the structures involved in making sound and the social context. The emission and type of sound signals in Neohelice granulata were previously characterized, but the sex and the body structures involved in the sound production mechanism were not determined. In the present study, experiments conducted in the laboratory demonstrated that acoustic signals were produced by males through an up–down movement of the cheliped by rubbing the merus against the pterygostomial area of the carapace. The micromorphology of the merus showed that it has a ridge of tubercles which may act as a plectrum, while the pterygostomial area bears tubercles and might function as the pars stridens. Acoustic signals were displayed more frequently in the presence of receptive females. Agonistic encounters among males also occurred more often in the presence of receptive females. The authors propose that Neohelice granulata males use their chelipeds to produce sound signals in a mating context, probably to attract the receptive female and/or to repel other males when a receptive female is present. Thus, the display might have a reproductive function influencing mate choice.

1 aMoyano, María, P. Sal1 aCeraulo, María1 aMazzola, Salvatore1 aBuscaino, Giuseppa1 aGavio, María, A. uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.512847302063nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140520137900209653002101588653001701609653001401626653002601640653001201666100002801678700002201706700002201728856013101750 2019 eng d00aGrowling from the gut: co-option of the gastric mill for acoustic communication in ghost crabs0 aGrowling from the gut cooption of the gastric mill for acoustic 3 a

Animal acoustic communication systems can be built upon co-opted structures that become specialized for sound production or morphological novelties. The ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, evolved a novel stridulation apparatus on the claws that is used during agonistic interactions, but they also produce a rasping sound without their claw apparatus. We investigated the nature of these sounds and show that O. quadrata adopted a unique and redundant mode of sound production by co-opting the gastric mill (grinding teeth of the foregut). Acoustic characteristics of the sound are consistent with stridulation and are produced by both male and female crabs during aggressive interactions. Laser Doppler vibrometry localized the source of maximum vibration to the gastric region and fluoroscopy showed movement of the gastric mill that coincided with stridulation. The lateral teeth of the gastric mill possess a series of comb-like structures that rub against the median tooth to produce stridulation with dominant frequencies below 2 kHz. This previously undescribed gastric stridulation can be modulated and provide a means of assessment during aggressive interactions, similar to the use of the claw stridulation apparatus. This functional redundancy of stridulation in crabs offers unique insights into the mechanisms of evolution of acoustic communication systems.

10aanimal behaviour10abioacoustics10aCrustacea10afunctional morphology10aOcypode1 aTaylor, Jennifer, R. A.1 adeVries, Maya, S.1 aElias, Damian, O. uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1161https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2019.116102158nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260001600208520148700224653001701711653001401728653000901742653001701751100002301768700002501791700002701816700002101843700002001864856005601884 2019 eng d a0720-213X00aSound production mechanism in the Brazilian spiny lobsters (Family Palinuridae)0 aSound production mechanism in the Brazilian spiny lobsters Famil cApr-08-20213 a

Strident lobsters of the Palinuridae family emit sounds in the presence of predators that can be used in the acoustic monitoring of such species. This study aims to identify sound emission and describe the structures of sound mechanism in red (Panulirus meripurpuratus) and green (Panulirus laevicauda) Brazilian spiny lobsters. The lobsters were collected in the environment, and recordings were performed in laboratory tanks with submerged hydrophones. The animals were stimulated to emit sound by the presence of an artificial octopus in the tank. The sounds emitted by the lobsters were analyzed by means of the waveform, and the structures involved (plectrum and file) were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both species emitted a rasp sound composed of several pulses, with a rate varying from 125 to 265 pulses per second. The SEM showed that the file is similar between the species and it is covered by microscopic plates (shingles) measuring between 12.6 and 12.9 μm of medial–lateral width and 6.2 μm and 7.1 μm of anteroposterior length. This analysis also revealed for the first time the presence of pores (< 1 μm in diameter) with vestiges of cuticular setae in-between the shingles, which could be involved in the mechanosensory control of sound production in lobsters. The results of this study corroborate the morphological pattern of sound emission structure described for other lobsters of the genus Panulirus.

10abioacoustics10aPanulirus10aRasp10astridulation1 aHamilton, Santiago1 aSilva, José, Filipe1 aPereira-Neves, Antonio1 aTravassos, Paulo1 aPeixoto, Silvio uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00435-019-00461-502780nas a2200097 4500008004100000245006300041210006300104520245000167100001902617856004602636 2010 eng d00aAcoustic sensing in snapping shrimp dominated environments0 aAcoustic sensing in snapping shrimp dominated environments3 a

Snapping shrimp dominate the high frequency soundscape in shallow warm waters. The noises produced by these small creatures are a result of the collapse of cavitation bubbles they produce. During the rapid collapse, the temperatures in the bubble can momentarily reach the surface temperature of the sun, and produce impulsive noise with source levels higher than 190 dB re 1 μPa @ 1m. With millions of snapping shrimp in most warm shallow water environments, the resulting cacophony is heard in the form of a background crackle familiar to many tropical divers. The resulting ambient noise has highly non-Gaussian statistics. What implications does this have on acoustic sensing in these environments? Can signal processing techniques developed with Gaussian noise assumptions be used without significant penalty in these environments? Can these shrimp be used as sources of opportunity for sensing? To begin answering some of these questions, we present a review of some of the research on signal processing in impulsive noise. Snapping shrimp noise is modeled accurately by symmetric α-stable distributions. Optimal signal processing in α-stable noise is often computationally infeasible, but computationally simple near-optimal solutions can be applied with gains up to 5-10 dB. Communicating in environments with snapping shrimp noise has its own challenges. The errors due to the impulsive noise on sub-carriers of a multi-carrier communication system, or the in-phase and quadrature channels of a single carrier system are not independent. If handled inappropriately, forward error correction codes can perform poorly in such systems. However, if the dependence in the errors can be characterized, it can be exploited in the decoding process to get substantial communication performance gains. We show this through an information theoretic analysis of the communication channel with additive symmetric α-stable noise. Finally, we turn to some applications where the snapping shrimp sounds can be used as sources of opportunity. They can serve as “illumination” for ambient noise imaging, where underwater objects can be imaged completely passively. They can also be used as sources for geoacoustic inversion of the surface sediment. We present some results from past experiments to show how sediment sound speed can indeed be inferred by simply listening passively to the cacophony of the shrimp.

1 aChitre, Mandar uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hans/node/5351001772nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245006800055210006800123260001600191300001600207490000800223520122400231100002101455700001801476700001901494700002601513856005101539 2018 eng d a0001-496600aVertical line array tilt revealed through snapping shrimp noise0 aVertical line array tilt revealed through snapping shrimp noise cJan-09-2018 a1921 - 19210 v1443 a

The shallow-water acoustic variability experiment (SAVEX15), conducted in the East China Sea, unexpectedly recorded a great deal of snapping shrimp noise on a 16-element (56-m length) vertical line array deployed in 100-m water depths. These impulsive events can be used to find the tilt of the moored array which was caused by the strong ocean currents in the area. In this environment, the recorded snaps of bottom-dwelling shrimp within a radius of more than 500 m were largely separated from one another in time, and coherent time domain beamforming was successful in localizing snaps in time and range. The sparse and impulse nature of the snaps allowed for a simple normalization and gave tens of snap detections per second after a threshold detector. The results from the automated detector showed it was necessary to search with the beamformer over a three-dimensional space for reliable performance: (1) arrival time, (2) source range, and (3) array tilt. The results of the beamformer search in array tilt space are consistent with independent acoustic tilt measurements of the same array, showing that snapping shrimp noise in this region can provide valuable inference for the acoustic environment.

1 aRichards, Edward1 aYuan, Zhuqing1 aSong, Hee-Chun1 aHodgkiss, William, S. uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.506841203068nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245008700054210006900141260001600210300001200226490000800238520221800246100002502464700002302489700002502512700001902537700002102556700002002577700002002597856023302617 2019 eng d a0044848600aAcoustic characterization of feeding activity of Litopenaeus vannamei in captivity0 aAcoustic characterization of feeding activity of Litopenaeus van cJan-02-2019 a76 - 810 v5013 a

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acoustic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei of different size classes during feeding in captivity, as well as describe the sound generation mechanism and main associated acoustic variables. The structure responsible for sound emission was identified based on simultaneous audio and video recordings during the consumption of feed pellets. Eighteen animals divided into three size classes (small: 13.03 ± 1.87 g; medium: 22.09 ± 2.20; large: 35.31 ± 3.20 g) were used for the acoustic characterization of feeding activity. The animals were fed three pellets (48 ± 4 mg) individually and offered in sequence. The recording of each pellet offered lasted 10 min, beginning with the point at which the animal took the pellet. The number of sound pulses (“clicking” sound) per pellet ingested was counted and related to food intake. L. vannamei emits sound during the feeding process, which is associated with the closing of the mandibles during the shredding of the food. The average values for the acoustic variables were a minimum frequency of 3.47 ± 0.32 kHz, maximum frequency of 37.75 ± 2.44 kHz, frequency peak of 11.1 ± 3.39 kHz, maximum energy of 83.55 ± 3.39 dB and sound duration of 4.7 ± 0.2 ms. No statistically significant differences in the acoustic variables were found among the different size classes or in the sequence of the pellets offered. The number of clicks per pellet ranged from 121 to 154 for all size classes. However, the number of clicks generated in the large class was significantly higher during the first minute after the capture of the pellets, dropping significantly after five minutes in comparison to the other size classes. The findings demonstrate that L. vannamei is acoustically active and the sounds generated can be used as an indication of feeding activity in captivity. The click rate per pellet or particular period of time, combined with the maximum energy generated at a specific frequency (frequency peak) can be used as an indication of the quantity of feed consumed by the animals.

1 aSilva, José, Filipe1 aHamilton, Santiago1 aRocha, João, Victor1 aBorie, Alfredo1 aTravassos, Paulo1 aSoares, Roberta1 aPeixoto, Silvio uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848618320398https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0044848618320398?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0044848618320398?httpAccept=text/plain01918nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260002000201300001100221490000600232520130900238100002301547700002201570700003001592856013801622 2017 eng d00aMultimodal communication in courting fiddler crabs reveals male performance capacities0 aMultimodal communication in courting fiddler crabs reveals male  cDec-28-20172018 a1610930 v43 a

Courting males often perform different behavioural displays that demonstrate aspects of their quality. Male fiddler crabs, Uca sp., are well known for their repetitive claw-waving display during courtship. However, in some species, males produce an additional signal by rapidly stridulating their claw, creating a ‘drumming’ vibrational signal through the substrate as a female approaches, and even continue to drum once inside their burrow. Here, we show that the switch from waving to drumming might provide additional information to the female about the quality of a male, and the properties of his burrow (multiple message hypothesis). Across males there was, however, a strong positive relationship between aspects of their waving and drumming displays, suggesting that drumming adheres to some predictions of the redundant signal hypothesis for multimodal signalling. In field experiments, we show that recent courtship is associated with a significant reduction in male sprint speed, which is commensurate with an oxygen debt. Even so, males that wave and drum more vigorously than their counterparts have a higher sprint speed. Drumming appears to be an energetically costly multimodal display of quality that females should attend to when making their mate choice decisions.

1 aMowles, Sophie, L.1 aJennions, Michael1 aBackwell, Patricia, R. Y. uhttp://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsos.161093https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsos.161093