@article {58244, title = {Peripheral auditory processing in the bobtail lizard Tiliqua rugosa III. Patterns of spontaneous and tone-evoked nerve-fibre activity}, year = {1990}, abstract = {

1. 70\% of primary afferent fibres in the bobtail lizard were irregularly spontaneously active, with rates between 0.1 and 123.7 spikes/s (mean of 31.2 spikes/s). The rate distribution is bimodal. Mid-frequency fibres with lower thresholds tend to have higher spontaneous rates.

2.\ About one third of all fibres show a more prominent mode in their inter-spike interval histogram than is to be expected from a quasi-Poisson distribution. Preferred intervals in the spontaneous discharge patterns were not normally seen; this is presumably due to the lack of exclusive innervation of hair cells.

3.\ Primary fibres mostly responded to sound with a discharge rate increase. The form of the peri-stimulustime histogram varies between fibres; three different response types are described. Fibres of low characteristic frequency (CF up to 0.65 kHz) show a characteristic change in their response pattern with stimulation frequency; it is suggested that primary suppression plays an important role in shaping the very phasic response to tones at the fibres\&$\#$39; upper frequency range. The responses of higher-CF fibres (CF 0.55\–4 kHz) are independent of stimulation frequency. About one third of them shows a primary-like discharge pattern. The majority, however, responds with a chopper-like discharge pattern and there is evidence that this discharge, as in mammalian cochlear-nucleus stellate cells, originates from temporal summation.

4.\ The systematically-varying response pattern typical for low-CF fibres introduces special difficulties in defining the extent of the excitatory tuning curve and of the two-tone rate suppression area. The influence of threshold criteria on the overlap seen between both curves is discussed.

}, keywords = {Auditory nerve, hearing, Lizard}, doi = {10.1007/BF00192411}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00192411}, author = {K{\"o}ppl, Christine and Manley, Geoffrey A.} } @mastersthesis {53568, title = {The influence of bat predation on calling behavior in neotropical forest katydids (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae).}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Florida}, abstract = {

In many animals, members of one sex advertise themselves using acoustic, visual, or chemical cues in order to attract mates. These signals are usually species specific and highly localizable, which helps them function successfully in a mating context, but also means they can be used by predators. How animals resolve the conflict between attracting mates and predators is an intriguing question that has received little attention in the literature.

This study examines a predator-prey system in which acoustically orienting foliage gleaning bats (FGB) in a lowland forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, are attracted to the airborne songs of katydids in the subfamily Pseudophyllinae. Aspects of katydid call production that lessen predation by FGB were also studied.

During two years, field and flight cage experiments showed that members of four species of forest-dwelling FGB can use katydid songs to locate these insects as prey. A study of their echolocation calls shows that they are typical of bats that forage in cluttered environments, and probably do not allow the animals producing them to locate insects on foliage. At least one FGB, Micronvcteris hirsuta, was a major katydid predator, and took insects inhabiting the forest understory that were active in the early evening when bats foraged most actively.

Airborne calling songs were recorded from members of 17 pseudophylline species sympatric with FGB. With one exception, their calls were short, sporadically produced and emphasized high audio or ultrasonic carrier frequencies. In flight cage experiments, these calls were more difficult for FGB to localize than were the longer and more frequently produced broadband calls that are typical of katydids in areas without FGB. The exception, Ischnomela pulchripennis , sang from large, spine-covered terrestrial bromeliads, which protect it from predation by FGB.

The pseudophyllines studied supplemented their short inconspicuous calls with \"tremulations, \" substrateborne signals that travel from one individual to another through plants but are inaccessible to acoustically orienting predators like FGB. Tremulations appear to be the rule rather than the exception in tropical New World katydids\ that are sympatric with FGB. They represent the first report of widespread behavioral anti-bat defenses in katydids

}, author = {Belwood, Jacqueline Janine} } @article {53507, title = {Synchronous, Alternating, and Phase-Locked Stridulation by a Tropical Katydid}, journal = {Science}, volume = {249}, year = {1990}, month = {Jun-07-1990}, pages = {55 - 58}, abstract = {

In the field the chirps of neighboring Mecopoda sp. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, and Mecopodinae)malesarenormallysynchronized,butbetweenmoredistantindividuals the chirps are either synchronous or regularly alternating. The phase response to single-stimulus chirps depends on both the phase and the intensity of the stimulus. IterationofthePoincaremapofthephaseresponsepredictsavarietyofphase-locked synchronizationregimes,incudingperiod-doublingbifurcations,incloseagreement with experimental observations. The versatile acoustic behavior of Mecopoda encom- passesmostofthephenomenafoundinothersynchronizinginsectsandthusprovides ageneralmodelofinsectsynchronizationbehavio

}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.249.4964.55}, url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.249.4964.55https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.249.4964.55}, author = {Sismondo, E.} } @article {17237, title = {Song power, spectral distribution and female phonotaxis in the bushcricket Requena verticalis (Tettigoniidae: Orthoptera): active female choice or passive attraction}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {40}, year = {1990}, month = {Jan-07-1990}, pages = {33 - 42}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80663-3}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347205806633}, author = {Winston J. Bailey and Cunningham, R.J. and Lebel, L.} } @article {17225, title = {The adaptive significance of acoustic spacing in male bushcrickets Tettigonia viridissima: a perturbation experiment}, journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology}, volume = {26}, year = {1990}, month = {Jan-01-1990}, abstract = {

A perturbation experiment was carried out in which the spacing between singing male bushcrickets, Tettigonia viridissima, was artificially manipulated. The experiment entailed releasing virgin females into an area in which caged males were either spaced evenly or in which a proportion of the males were clumped. There was large variation among males in the proportion of time spent singing (range 39\–91\% of total singing time). Singing activity was correlated with male body weight, but was not influenced by male spacing. Out of a total of 108 females released during the experiment, the majority (N=90) moved from their release points onto the cage of one of the closest singing males. More distant signalers sometimes attracted females when one of the closest males did not sing, or sang very little, during the period in which females were moving. When clumped, males were less successful in attracting females than when regularly spaced within the experimental area. Therefore, within a homogeneous habitat in which females are randomly distributed, male mating success will be maximized when males space out as far as possible from their competitors. As predicted, a regular dispersion of signaling males is the pattern observed in the preferred microhabitats of this species in nature.

}, issn = {0340-5443}, doi = {10.1007/BF00174019}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00174019}, author = {Arak, Anthony and Eiriksson, Thorleifur and Rades{\"a}ter, Tommy} } @article {17211, title = {Do the song pulses of Drosophila show cyclic fluctuations?}, journal = {Trends Ecol Evol}, volume = {5}, year = {1990}, month = {1990 Mar}, pages = {93-7}, abstract = {

Following analysis of the song of two Drosophila species, Kyriacou and Hall in 1980 described a rhythmic variation in the intervals between sound pulses. This rhythmicity was species specific and various mutants also showed characteristic song-period rhythmicity. Recent attempts by Ewing and by Crossley to confirm the existence of the rhythms, using essentially similar methods, have failed; Kyriacou and Hall have since ascribed these failures to differences in technique and methods of measurement between them and their critics, and re-affirm that the rhythmicity they described exists. In view of the controversy surrounding the existence of song-period rhythmicity, a body of work on the genetics of this behaviour must be viewed with caution.

}, issn = {0169-5347}, doi = {10.1016/0169-5347(90)90238-9}, author = {H. C. Bennet-Clark} } @article {11151, title = {The songs of the western European bush-crickets of the genus Platycleis in relation to their taxonomy (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology}, volume = {59}, year = {1990}, month = {06/1990}, pages = {1-35}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

The calling songs of 1 1 species of the decticine genus Platycleis s.l. (including Sepiana, Tessellana and Montana) are described and fully illustrated with oscillograms at three or four different speeds. For each species a list is provided of references to any past work published on the songs, classified according to the kind of information given. Notes on recognition, using both morphology and song, are given for each species, and two identification keys are provided, one based on morphology and the other on song. The value of the song as a taxonomic character is discussed.

}, isbn = { 565 06039 2}, issn = {0524 - 6431}, author = {D. R. Ragge} }