@article {53365, title = {THE MECHANISM OF TUNING OF THE MOLE CRICKET SINGING BURROW}, journal = {Bioacoustics}, volume = {7}, year = {1996}, month = {Jan-01-1996}, pages = {81 - 117}, abstract = {

1.\ Experimental and theoretical studies on the acoustics of the singing burrow of the mole cricket Gryllotalpa australis are reported.


2.\ The burrow typically consists of a bulb about 26 mm long and 20 mm in diameter, connected through a constriction of diameter about 10 mm to a flaring horn with length about 40 mm and equivalent mouth diameter about 34 mm. The mouth geometry of the burrow differs from one species to another, and the aperture may be either single, double or even multiple. The end of the bulb opposite the horn connects to a narrow exit tunnei of diameter about 8 mm and length up to 1 m. The singing cricket positions itself close to the constriction between the bulb and the horn and produces a song with a frequency around 2.5 kHz.


3.\ Measurements of sound pressure within the burrow when it is excited by an external sound source at the song frequency show a pressure minimum at the constriction and an amplitude and phase distribution that is consistent with resonance of the burrow at its second modal frequency. The burrow is approximately three-quarters of a wavelength long at this frequency. The same result is obtained when the burrow is excited by a dipole source located near the constriction.


4.\ Non-parametric model calculations confirm this conclusion and also give broad agreement with the measured response curves over a frequency range from about 1.5 to 5 kHz. The calculated curves indicate an additional resonance at about 1.2 kHz associated with the first mode of the burrow\—the Helmholtz or Klipsch resonance\—which is apparently not utilised by the insect. This detail is consistent with earlier measurements, and is also supported by measured responses reported here that show an increase in sound pressure with decreasing frequency below 2 kHz as predicted by the model.


5.\ The measured performance of the burrow is broadly consistent with the model. According to the model, the burrow geometry is close to optimal for maximal sound power radiation.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, burrow, Gryllotalpa, mole crickets, resonators, sound production}, issn = {0952-4622}, doi = {10.1080/09524622.1996.9753321}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.1996.9753321}, author = {DAWS, A. G. and H. C. Bennet-Clark and FLETCHER, N. H.} } @article {53107, title = {Description of Acoustic Characters and Stridulatory Pars Stridens of Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae): A Comparison of Eight North American Species}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {106}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-09-2013}, pages = {661 - 669}, abstract = {

Insects make use of sound in a variety of behavioral and reproductive contexts. Acoustic signals are known to serve in defense, sexual advertisement, prey location, and in cooperative activities such as offspring care and group foraging. In airborne signals produced by insects, information associated with species identi\Þcation is often related to the temporal structure of the sound, while spectral quality is more closely associated with intraspeci\Þc variation. The Nicrophorine burying beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae) are a group known to produce sound through dorso-ventro stridulation, but the bioacoustics of this group remains understudied. Here, we examine the stridu- latory sound produced by eight North American species of Nicrophorus burying beetles, testing the hypothesis that interspeci\Þc differences will be encoded in temporal characteristics of the sound, and that signal divergence will be explained by one of three mechanisms: selection as an intraspeci\Þc signal, selection for interspeci\Þc aposematism, or random divergence through drift. We digitally recorded stridulation in each species, and analyzed recordings to describe each in respect to four spectral and eight temporal acoustic characters. All species produced a low amplitude biphastic sound pulse consisting of from 58 to 126 syllables, and exhibiting weak dominant frequencies (5.8\Ð12.7 kHz). Collapsing the 12 variables into three rotated factors using principal component analysis, we found no sex-related differences in sound, but signi\Þcant interspecies divergence in respect to all three factors. We constructed a phylogeny for the group based on the morphology of the stridulatory structures and the acoustic characters, and found weak support for an intraspeci\Þc signal divergence model.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, burying beetle, Nicrophorus, sound production, stridulation}, issn = {00138746}, doi = {10.1603/AN13001}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/AN13001}, author = {Hall, Carrie L. and Mason, Andrew C. and Howard, Daniel R. and Padhi, Abinash and Smith, Rosemary J.} }