02593nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149490000600218520205000224100002502274700002202299700001702321700002402338700002702362856004602389 2022 eng d00aDecoupling of sexual signals and theirunderlying morphology facilitates rapidphenotypic diversification0 aDecoupling of sexual signals and theirunderlying morphology faci0 v63 a

How novel phenotypes evolve is challenging to imagine because traits are often underlain by numerous integrated phenotypiccomponents, and changes to any one form can disrupt the function of the entire module. Yet novel phenotypes do emerge, and re-search on adaptive phenotypic evolution suggests that complex traits can diverge while either maintaining existing form–functionrelationships or through innovations that alter form–function relationships. How these alternate routes contribute to sexual signalevolution is poorly understood, despite the role of sexual signals in generating biodiversity. In Hawaiian populations of the Pacificfield cricket, male song attracts both female crickets and a deadly acoustically orienting parasitoid fly. In response to this conflictbetween natural and sexual selection, male crickets have evolved altered wing morphologies multiple times, resulting in loss anddramatic alteration of sexual signals. More recently, we and others have observed a radical increase in sexual signal variation andthe underlying morphological structures that produce song. We conducted the first combined analysis of form (wing morphol-ogy), function (emergent signal), and receiver responses to characterize novel variation, test alternative hypotheses about form–function relationships (Form–Function Continuity vs. Form–Function Decoupling), and investigate underlying mechanistic changesand fitness consequences of novel signals. We identified three sound-producing male morphs (one previously undescribed, named“rattling”) and found that relationships between morphology and signals have been rewired (Form–Function Decoupling), rapidlyand repeatedly, through the gain, loss, and alteration of morphological structures, facilitating the production of signals that existin novel phenotypic space. By integrating across a hierarchy of phenotypes, we uncovered divergent morphs with unique solutionsto the challenge of attracting mates while evading fatal parasitism

1 aGallagher, James, H.1 aZonana, David, M.1 aBroder, Dale1 aHerner, Brianna, K.1 aTinghitella, Robin, M. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5847403010nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132520234200201653002902543653001202572653002402584653004202608653003302650653002302683100002202706700001902728856008102747 2013 eng d00aDiversity of acoustic tracheal system and its role for directional hearing in crickets0 aDiversity of acoustic tracheal system and its role for direction3 a

Background: Sound localization in small insects can be a challenging task due to physical constraints in deriving sufficiently large interaural intensity differences (IIDs) between both ears. In crickets, sound source localization is achieved by a complex type of pressure difference receiver consisting of four potential sound inputs. Sound acts on the external side of two tympana but additionally reaches the internal tympanal surface via two external sound entrances. Conduction of internal sound is realized by the anatomical arrangement of connecting trachea. A key structure is a trachea coupling both ears which is characterized by an enlarged part in its midline (i.e., the acoustic vesicle) accompanied with a thin membrane (septum). This facilitates directional sensitivity despite an unfavorable relationship between wavelength of sound and body size. Here we studied the morphological differences of the acoustic tracheal system in 40 cricket species (Gryllidae, Mogoplistidae) and species of outgroup taxa (Gryllotalpidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Gryllacrididae) of the suborder Ensifera comprising hearing and non hearing species.

Results: We found a surprisingly high variation of acoustic tracheal systems and almost all investigated species using intraspecific acoustic communication were characterized by an acoustic vesicle associated with a medial septum. The relative size of the acoustic vesicle - a structure most crucial for deriving high IIDs - implies an important role for sound localization. Most remarkable in this respect was the size difference of the acoustic vesicle between species; those with a more unfavorable ratio of body size to sound wavelength tend to exhibit a larger acoustic vesicle. On the other hand, secondary loss of acoustic signaling was nearly exclusively associated with the absence of both acoustic vesicle and septum.

Conclusion: The high diversity of acoustic tracheal morphology observed between species might reflect different steps in the evolution of the pressure difference receiver; with a precursor structure already present in ancestral non-hearing species. In addition, morphological transitions of the acoustic vesicle suggest a possible adaptive role for the generation of binaural directional cues.

10aAcoustic tracheal system10acricket10adirectional hearing10aInteraural intensity difference (IID)10aPressure difference receiver10aSound localization1 aSchmidt, Arne, KD1 aRömer, Heiner uhttp://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-9994-10-6102317nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156520166100225653001101886653002001897653001101917653001501928653001701943100002401960700002401984700002402008700002402032856006702056 2019 eng d00aEffects of artificial light at night and male calling on movement patterns and mate location in field crickets0 aEffects of artificial light at night and male calling on movemen3 a

Anthropogenic factors, such as artificial light at night (ALAN), are increasingly linked to significant modifications in animal behaviours, such as foraging or migration. However, few studies have investigated directly whether the presence of ALAN affects the ability to find a mate (mate location). One direct effect of the presence of ALAN is that it can create a light barrier in an otherwise dark environment. This may have significant behavioural implications for nocturnally active species if it affects their ability to respond to potential mates. Our study, using the acoustically orienting Australian black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus, determined experimentally whether the presence of a fragmented light environment influenced movement patterns of virgin females and males. Moreover, given the importance of male song for reproductive outcomes in this species, we assessed simultaneously whether such behaviours were modified by the presence of a male attraction call. We found that while initiation of movement was slower in the presence of ALAN, the behavioural shifts associated with its presence were relatively small compared to the influence of a broadcast male attraction call. The response to the male attraction call was typically stronger for females than for males, but both males and females modified aspects of behaviour when it was present regardless of whether their immediate environment was fragmented by artificial light at night or not. Artificial light at night may alter subtle aspects of movement and mating behaviour in this species, but ultimately does not provide a barrier to movement or mate location.

10aInsect10alight pollution10amating10aphonotaxis10areproduction1 aThompson, Eliza, K.1 aCullinan, Naomi, L.1 aJones, Therésa, M.1 aHopkins, Gareth, R. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721930348302291nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007100041210006700112520188600179100002002065700001502085700002302100856004602123 1989 eng d00aThe neuroethology of acoustic startle and escape in flying insects0 aneuroethology of acoustic startle and escape in flying insects3 a

The acoustic startle/escape response is a phylogenetically widespread behavioral act, provoked by an intense, unexpected sound. At least six orders of insects have evolved tympanate ears that serve acoustic behavior that ranges from sexual communication to predator detection. Insects that fly at night are vulnerable to predation by insectivorous bats that detect and locate their prey by using biosonar signals. Of the six orders of insects that possess tympanate hearing organs, four contain species that fly at night and, in these, hearing is sensitive to a range of ultrasonic frequencies found in the biosonar signals of bats. Laboratory and field studies have shown that these insects (including some orthopterans, lepidopterans, neuropterans and dictyopterans), when engaged in flight behavior, respond to ultrasound by suddenly altering their flight, showing acoustic startle or negative phonotaxis, which serve as bat-avoidance behavior. A neural analysis of ultrasound-mediated escape behavior was undertaken in the field cricket Telegryllus oceanicus. An identified thoracic interneuron, int-1, was shown to trigger the escape response, but only when the cell was driven (synaptically or electrically) at high spike rates, and only when the insect was performing flight behavior; avoidance steering only occurs in the appropriate behavioral context: flight. Thus, significant constraints operate upon the ability of int-1 to trigger the escape response. The integration of auditory input and flight central pattern generator output occurs in the brain. It is found that neural activity descending from the brain in response to stimulation by ultrasound is increased when the insect is flying compared to when it is not. Although the behavioral act of avoidance steering may appear to be a simple reflex act, further analysis shows it to be anything but simple.

1 aHoy, Ronald, R.1 aNolen, Tom1 aBrodfuehrer, Peter uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5766802145nas a2200109 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180520169300249100002101942700002401963856004801987 1985 eng d00aPhonotactic specificity of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus: intensity-dependent selectivity for temporal parameters of the stimulus0 aPhonotactic specificity of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus in3 a

We have investigated the effects of alterations of several temporal parameters of auditory stimuli, as well as of stimulus intensity changes, on the attractiveness of these stimuli to femaleTeleogryllus oceanicus, as measured by monitoring sound-elicited flight steering responses. AlthoughT. oceanicus has a rhythmically complex calling song, females are attracted by a simpler model consisting of regularly repeating sound pulses. We have found that the two major temporal features of this model, sound pulse duration and pulse repetition rate, are both important for eliciting phonotactic steering responses.

Stimuli with altered temporal features had intensity thresholds indistinguishable from the control stimulus (Fig. 3). The majority of crickets, however, ceased to respond to the altered stimuli when the stimulus intensity was sufficiently increased (Figs. 4–7). In some cases, intensity increases resulted in a reversal of the steering response from positive to negative (Fig. 10). Effects of altered temporal parameters were also apparent at lower stimulus intensities, where the amplitudes of steering responses to stimuli with altered parameters were smaller than those in response to the control stimulus (Figs. 8, 9).

We considered the possibility that the cessation of responsiveness to stimuli with altered temporal features was due to a temporal pattern-specific diminution of binaural cues for sound localization at high intensities. Experiments performed with unilaterally deafened crickets (Fig. 11) led us to conclude that this was not the case, and that our findings instead reflect the properties of the song recognition mechanism.

1 aDoolan, Jane, M.1 aPollack, Gerald, S. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0135002902390nas a2200229 4500008004100000245013300041210007000174520162100244653001301865653002501878653001201903653003801915653001101953653002501964653002501989653002502014653000902039653002702048100001502075700002402090856004602114 2001 eng d00aMechanisms of frequency-specific responses of ω neuron 1 in crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus): a polysynaptic pathway for song?0 aMechanisms of frequencyspecific responses of ω neuron 1 in crick3 a

In crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus), the auditory interneuron ω neuron 1 (ON1) responds to sounds over a wide range of frequencies but is most sensitive to the frequency of conspecific songs (4.5 kHz). Response latency is longest for this same frequency. We investigate the mechanisms that might account for the longer latency of ON1 to cricket-like sounds. Intracellular recordings revealed no evidence for appropriately timed postsynaptic inhibition of ON1 that might increase its latency, nor was latency affected by picrotoxin. The onset of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) was delayed for 4.5 kHz stimuli compared with ultrasound stimuli, pointing to a presynaptic locus for the latency difference. When ON1 is stimulated with high frequencies, discrete, apparently unitary EPSPs can be recorded in its dendrite, and these are latency-locked to spikes recorded simultaneously in the auditory nerve. This suggests that input to ON1 from high-frequency-tuned auditory receptor neurons is monosynaptic. In agreement with this, brief ultrasound stimuli evoke a single, short-latency EPSP in ON1. In contrast, the EPSP evoked by a brief 4.5 kHz stimulus consists of an early component, similar in latency to that evoked by ultrasound and possibly evoked by ultrasound-tuned receptors, and a later, dominant component. We interpret the early peak as arising from a monosynaptic afferent pathway and the late peak from a polysynaptic afferent pathway. Multiple-peak EPSPs, with timing similar to those evoked by sound stimuli, were also evoked by electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve.

10aaudition10aauditory interneuron10acricket10aexcitatory postsynaptic potential10aInsect10amonosynaptic pathway10aomega neuron 1 (ON1)10apolysynaptic pathway10asong10aTeleogryllus oceanicus1 aFaulkes, Z1 aPollack, Gerald, S. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5762001829nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001200232490000800244520115400252653002701406653003001433653001201463653001901475653002701494653001501521100002401536700001701560856004601577 1998 eng d00aRepresentation of behaviorally relevant sound frequencies by auditory receptors in the cricket teleogryllus oceanicus0 aRepresentation of behaviorally relevant sound frequencies by aud a155-1630 v2013 a

Teleogryllus oceanicus is particularly sensitive to two ranges of sound frequency, one corresponding to intraspecific acoustical signals (4-5 kHz) and the other to the echolocation cries of bats (25-50 kHz). We recorded summed responses of the auditory nerve to stimuli in these two ranges. Nerve responses consist of trains of compound action potentials (CAPs), each produced by the summed activity of a number of receptor neurons. The amplitude of the CAP is up to four times larger for stimuli at 4.5 kHz than for stimuli at 30 kHz, suggesting either that the extracellular spikes produced by receptors that respond to 4.5 kHz are larger than those that respond to 30 kHz, or that receptors fire more synchronously in response to stimulation at 4.5 kHz, or that more receptors respond to stimulation at 4.5 kHz. Neither unit spike amplitude nor conduction velocity (which is expected to vary with spike amplitude) differs for the two frequencies, and the responses to 4.5 kHz are not produced by more tightly synchronized receptor populations, as judged by CAP breadth. We conclude that more receptors respond to 4. 5 kHz than to 30 kHz.

10aacoustic communication10acompound action potential10acricket10asensory coding10aTeleogryllus oceanicus10aultrasound1 aPollack, Gerald, S.1 aFaulkes, Zen uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5761802220nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131520162800200653001301828653001801841653001201859653002301871653001501894653002001909100001701929700002401946856006801970 2005 eng d00aEffect of the Temporal Pattern of Contralateral Inhibition on Sound Localization Cues0 aEffect of the Temporal Pattern of Contralateral Inhibition on So3 a

We studied the temporal coding properties of identified interneurons in the auditory system of crickets, using information theory as an analytical tool. The ascending neuron 1 (AN1), which is tuned to the dominant carrier frequency (CF) of cricket songs, selectively codes the limited range of amplitude modulation (AM) frequencies that occur in these signals. AN2, which is most sensitive to the ultrasonic frequencies that occur in echolocation calls of insectivorous bats, codes a broader range of AM frequencies, as occur in bat calls. A third neuron, omega neuron 1 (ON1), which is dually tuned to both ranges of carrier frequency, was shown previously to have CF-specific coding properties, allowing it to represent accurately the differing temporal structures of both cricket songs and bat calls. ON1 is a source of contralateral inhibition to AN1 and AN2, enhancing binaural contrast and facilitating sound localization. We used dichotic stimulation to examine the importance of the temporal structure of contralateral inhibition for enhancing binaural contrast. Contralateral inhibition degrades the coding of temporal pattern by AN1 and AN2, but only if the temporal pattern of inhibitory input matches that of excitation. Firing rate is also decreased most strongly by temporally matched contralateral inhibition. This is apparent for AN1 in its mean firing rate; for AN2, high-frequency firing is selectively suppressed. Our results show that the CF-specific coding properties of ON1 allow this single neuron to enhance effectively localization cues for both cricket-like and bat-like acoustic signals.

10aauditory10acommunication10acricket10ainformation theory10aphonotaxis10atemporal coding1 aMarsat, Gary1 aPollack, Gerald, S. uhttp://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0646-05.200503768nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176520316700245653002403412653002503436653002103461653001403482653001703496100002003513700001703533856004803550 1984 eng d00aThe role of two-tone suppression in song coding by ventral cord neurones in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou)0 arole of twotone suppression in song coding by ventral cord neuro3 a

1.The calling, courtship and aggression songs ofT. oceanicus have distinctive temporal patterns but their spectral compositions are very similar: the carrier frequency occurs around 4.5 kHz and harmonics occur which extend above background noise level up to at least 40 kHz (Fig. 1).

2.Units were recorded in the cervical connectives which responded to sound frequencies over the range from 1 kHz to at least 40 kHz. The sensitivities of some of the high frequency units were comparable to, or exceeded, the sensitivities of the units responding to the carrier frequencies of the species songs (Fig. 2).

3.At the level of the neck connectives, units responding to the range from 10 kHz to 40 kHz could be divided, on the basis of their prothoracic morphology and physiology, into Through Neurones and Ascending Neurones. All the recorded neurones showed two-tone suppression effects but they varied in their degree of susceptibility to suppression. Frequencies in the range 4–5 kHz were most effective in producing suppression of the responses to high frequency tones (Figs. 5, 6).

4.The two identified Ascending Neurone types had similar morphologies in the prothoracic ganglion (Fig. 3). ANA showed tonic responses to pure tones in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 40 kHz. Below 10 kHz high intensity inhibition of the response occurred and the latency increased from about 15 ms for an 18 kHz tone pulse, to about 55 ms for a 4.5 kHz tone (Fig. 4). ANB responded with 1–3 spikes to stimuli in the frequency range from 7 kHz to 40 kHz. The response latency to an 18 kHz tone pulse was about 15 ms. No responses were obtained to 50 ms stimuli in the range from 2 kHz to 7 kHz (Fig. 6). However, considerable rebound activity was produced in response to 4.5 kHz stimuli of 200 ms or more; the latency of the rebound to 200 ms stimuli was about 400 ms (Fig. 6C).

5.ANA neurones responded to the syllables of the natural songs (Fig. 7), clearly coding the temporal patterns of the three songs. Cutting the contralateral leg nerve resulted in no detectable change in the neurone's response pattern. ANB neurones responded only during the intervals between chirps and during pauses within chirps. A long period of bursting activity occurred at the end of each song sequence (i.e. 3 chirps). This rebound activity may be the result of extreme inhibition caused by the CF of the songs (Fig. 7).

6.Synthesised natural songs (Fig. 1 E) with the correct temporal parameters but filled with 4.5 kHz alone, 18 kHz alone or a combination of 18 kHz and 4.5 kHz, were produced to investigate the role of two-tone suppression phenomena in song coding. The responses of both ANA and ANB (Fig. 8) showed the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to these units during the coding of the species songs.

7.Two-tone inhibition effects are advanced as the basic mechanism for the accurate coding of temporal characteristics in the songs ofT. oceanicus. Two different strategies for the recognition of species song types in crickets are advanced.

10aHigh Frequency Tone10aProthoracic Ganglion10aRebound Activity10aSong Type10aVentral Cord1 aHutchings, Mary1 aLewis, Brian uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0060539502711nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245011300054210006900167260001600236300001200252490000800264520182600272653003202098653002002130653002402150653002402174653002702198100001802225700001702243856023302260 2018 eng d a0003347200aObligate, but not facultative, satellite males prefer the same male sexual signal characteristics as females0 aObligate but not facultative satellite males prefer the same mal cJan-10-2018 a37 - 430 v1443 a

Signalling is energetically expensive and increases the risk of predation and parasite infection. To balance the costs and benefits of mate attraction, individuals may adopt an alternative mating strategy such as satellite behaviour, in which nonsignalling males will settle near signalling males and attempt to intercept approaching females. While many suggest that alternative strategies are ‘making the best of a bad job’, little research has examined whether satellites, particularly obligate satellites, have the potential to increase their mating success by preferentially targeting more attractive signallers. Using the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, we tested the hypothesis that males are more likely to act as satellites to signalling males with particularly attractive songs, as these callers are likely to attract the most females. In this species, a novel male wing mutation, ‘flatwing’, renders some males unable to call. Flatwings are obligate satellites, while nonmutated, normal-wing males switch between calling and satellite strategies. We presented males with calling song models varying in the percentage of long-to-short chirps, a characteristic important in female choice. As was shown for females in previous work, flatwings exhibited a strong preference for calling songs composed of 60% long chirp. Normal wing males did not prefer any particular calling song model. Our results lead to the paradoxical conclusion that males with highly attractive songs may not have the highest mating success. Such male preference for male sexual signals may oppose selection by females and increase competition between signalling and satellite males. This could potentially slow the rate of male trait evolution and influence the evolution of male competition.

10aalternative mating strategy10arapid evolution10asatellite behaviour10asignal exploitation10aTeleogryllus oceanicus1 aOlzer, Rachel1 aZuk, Marlene uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721830229Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830229X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830229X?httpAccept=text/plain02577nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260001600265300001400281490000800295520199800303100002602301700002102327700001702348856005402365 2018 eng d00aLimited flexibility in female Pacific field cricket ( Teleogryllus oceanicus) exploratory behaviors in response to perceived social environment0 aLimited flexibility in female Pacific field cricket iTeleogryllu cJan-09-2018 a650 - 6560 v1243 a

How populations adapt, or not, to rapid evolution of sexual signals has important implications for population viability, but is difficult to assess due to the paucity of examples of sexual signals evolving in real time. In Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus), selection from a deadly parasitoid fly has driven the rapid loss of a male acoustic signal, calling song, that females use to locate and evaluate potential mates. In this newly quiet environment where many males are obligately silent, how do phonotactic females find mates? Previous work has shown that the acoustic rearing environment (presence or absence of male calling song) during late juvenile stages and early adulthood exposes adaptive flexibility in locomotor behaviors of males, as well as mating behaviors in both sexes that helps facilitate the spread of silent (flatwing) males. Here, we tested whether females also show acoustically induced plasticity in walking behaviors using laboratory‐reared populations of T. oceanicus from Kauai (HI; >90% flatwings), Oahu (HI; ~50% flatwings), and Mangaia (Cook Islands; no flatwings or parasitoid fly). Though we predicted that females reared without song exposure would increase walking behaviors to facilitate mate localization when song is rare, we discovered that, unlike males, female T. oceanicus showed relatively little plasticity in exploratory behaviors in response to an acoustic rearing environment. Across all three populations, exposure to male calling song during development did not affect latency to begin walking, distance walked, or general activity of female crickets. However, females reared in the absence of song walked slower and showed a marginally non‐significant tendency to walk for longer durations of time in a novel environment than those reared in the presence of song. Overall, plasticity in female walking behaviors appears unlikely to have facilitated sexual signal loss in this species.

1 aHeinen-Kay, Justa, L.1 aStrub, Daina, B.1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2018.124.issue-902627nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245004800054210004800102260001600150300001600166490000700182520177900189100001901968700002101987700001902008700001802027700002102045700002102066700002502087700001702112700002302129856023302152 2014 eng d a0960982200aRapid Convergent Evolution in Wild Crickets0 aRapid Convergent Evolution in Wild Crickets cJan-06-2014 a1369 - 13740 v243 a

The earliest stages of convergent evolution are difficult to observe in the wild, limiting our understanding of the incipient genomic architecture underlying convergent phenotypes [1, 2]. To address this, we capitalized on a novel trait, flatwing, that arose and proliferated at the start of the 21stcentury in a population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) on the Hawaiian island of Kauai [3]. Flatwing erases sound-producing structures on male forewings. Mutant males cannot sing to attract females, but they are protected from fatal attack by an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea). Two years later, the silent morph appeared on the neighboring island of Oahu. We tested two hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of flatwings in Hawaii: (1) that the silent morph originated on Kauai and subsequently introgressed into Oahu and (2) that flatwing originated independently on each island. Morphometric analysis of male wings revealed that Kauai flatwings almost completely lack typical derived structures, whereas Oahu flatwings retain noticeably more wild-type wing venation. Using standard genetic crosses, we confirmed that the mutation segregates as a single-locus, sex-linked Mendelian trait on both islands. However, genome-wide scans using RAD-seq recovered almost completely distinct markers linked with flatwing on each island. The patterns of allelic association with flatwing on either island reveal different genomic architectures consistent with the timing of two mutational events on the X chromosome. Divergent wing morphologies linked to different loci thus cause identical behavioral outcomes - silence - illustrating the power of selection to rapidly shape convergent adaptations from distinct genomic starting points.

1 aPascoal, Sonia1 aCezard, Timothee1 aEik-Nes, Aasta1 aGharbi, Karim1 aMajewska, Jagoda1 aPayne, Elizabeth1 aRitchie, Michael, G.1 aZuk, Marlene1 aBailey, Nathan, W. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982214005247https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982214005247?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982214005247?httpAccept=text/plain01894nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210006000116260001600176300001400192520113100206653002501337653002001362653001801382653002701400100002701427700001701454700003201471700002601503700002201529856011301551 2018 eng d a0003-014700aPurring Crickets: The Evolution of a Novel Sexual Signal0 aPurring Crickets The Evolution of a Novel Sexual Signal cMar-10-2018 a000 - 0003 a

Opportunities to observe contemporary signal change are incredibly rare but critical for understanding how diversity is created and maintained. We discovered a population of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) with a newly evolved song (purring), different from any known cricket. Male crickets use song to attract females from afar and to court females once near. Teleogryllus oceanicus is well known for sexual signal evolution, as exemplified by a recent signal loss. In this study, we characterized the new purring sound and investigated the role of the purr in long-distance and short-distance communication. The purring sound differed from typical ancestral calls in peak frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth. Further, the long-distance purring song facilitated mate location, though the role of courtship purring song is less clear. Our discovery of purring male crickets is an unprecedented opportunity to watch the emergence of a newly evolved sexual signal unfold in real time and has potential to illuminate the mechanisms by which evolutionary novelties arise and coevolve between the sexes.

10aevolutionary novelty10arapid evolution10asexual signal10aTeleogryllus oceanicus1 aTinghitella, Robin, M.1 aBroder, Dale1 aGurule-Small, Gabrielle, A.1 aHallagan, Claudia, J.1 aWilson, Jacob, D. uhttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/700116https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/70011601978nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300001400244490000800258520134600266653001001612653002501622653002601647653001401673653001601687100002101703700001401724856004601738 1986 eng d00aSong harmonic content as a parameter determining acoustic orientation behaviour in the cricketTeleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou)0 aSong harmonic content as a parameter determining acoustic orient a583–5910 v1583 a

Analyses of natural songs from the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus confirm (after Hutchings and Lewis 1984) that the songs are rich in harmonics which extend up to around 55 kHz. A series of synthetic song models with a varying harmonic content were used to determine the relevance of these harmonics to the orientation behaviour of the insects.

In two-choice experiments in which song models were presented simultaneously, crickets showed a clear discrimination between a song with harmonics and a song without. Female insects orientated preferentially to a song with harmonics. Interestingly, males preferred a song model without harmonics in the two-choice situation.

Two experimental regimes were used to test orientation accuracy, a forced-choice (Y maze) phonotactic experiment and a study of free phonotaxis in the behavioural arena. The results of both experimental approaches confirm that crickets orientate more accurately to a song with harmonics and can discriminate smaller angles to sound sources ahead and lateral to the insect.

Presentations of song models in which the fundamental (5 kHz) was attenuated relative to the 2nd harmonic have given results that imply a process of neural integration (two-tone or side band suppression) of the fundamental and the high-frequency harmonics.

10aArena10aOrientation Accuracy10aOrientation Behaviour10aSide Band10aSmall Angle1 aLatimer, William1 aLewis, DB uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5314802052nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245009000054210006900144260001600213300001400229490000800243520140600251653002701657653001301684653001701697653002901714653002001743100001701763856006601780 2015 eng d a0003347200aRoaming Romeos: male crickets evolving in silence show increased locomotor behaviours0 aRoaming Romeos male crickets evolving in silence show increased  cJan-03-2015 a213 - 2190 v1013 a

Loss of sexual signals should be strongly selected against when these signals are necessary for mate attraction or acquisition. Male Teleogryllus oceanicus field crickets produce a long-distance calling song to attract females. Separate genetic mutations recently evolved on the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai and Oahu, rendering approximately 90% and 50% of males, respectively, incapable of calling. We examined whether males from three populations, each with a distinct prevalence of this silent ‘flatwing’ phenotype, show behavioural plasticity in response to being reared in a call-less environment. Crickets from Kauai, Oahu and Mangaia, a Cook Islands population without the flatwing phenotype, either were or were not exposed to calling song during late juvenile and early adult development. Movement assays showed that when males originating from Kauai were reared in silence, they moved sooner, moved more and spent more time walking during silent behaviour trials than did their counterparts reared with calling song. Males from Oahu and Mangaia, however, showed no such effect of acoustic rearing environment on these behaviours. This suggests that there has been directional selection on Kauai for males to respond to a silent environment by increasing their mobility, thus compensating for their lack of song and increasing their chance of encountering receptive females.

10abehavioural plasticity10aflatwing10an signal los10as Teleogryllus oceanicus10asexual selectio1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721400476X02511nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245012200054210006900176260001600245300001200261490000800273520169800281653002701979653001502006653002202021653002102043653002702064653002102091653001502112653001702127100002302144700002402167856006602191 2017 eng d a0003347200aDivergent mechanisms of acoustic mate recognition between closely related field cricket species ( Teleogryllus spp.)0 aDivergent mechanisms of acoustic mate recognition between closel cJan-08-2017 a17 - 250 v1303 a

Effective recognition of conspeci fi c mating signals reduces the risk of maladaptive hybridization. Dis- secting the signal recognition algorithms that underlie preferences is a useful approach for testing whether closely related taxa evaluate the same or different signal features to achieve mate recognition. Such data provide information about potential constraints and targets of selection during evolutionary divergence. Using a series of mate choice trials, we tested whether closely related, but genetically and phenotypically divergent, fi eld cricket species ( Teleogryllus oceanicus and Teleogryllus commodus ) use shared or distinct recognition algorithms when evaluating acoustic male calling songs. These species overlap in sympatry, show premating isolation based on female discrimination of male calling songs, yet are capable of producing hybrid offspring. Unexpectedly, female selectivity for features of male song differed between the two species. We found that the two species use a combination of shared and unique signal fi ltering mechanisms, and we characterized how information about male carrier frequency, pulse rate and temporal patterning is integrated to achieve song recognition in each species. These results illustrate how comparatively few, simple modi fi cations in key components of signal recognition algo- rithms can lead to striking interspeci fi c discrimination between closely related taxa, despite apparent signal complexity. The fi nding that some steps during signal recognition and fi ltering are shared between the species, while others differ, can help to identify behavioural traits targeted by selection during evolutionary divergence

10aacoustic communication10adivergence10afemale preference10amate recognition10areproductive isolation10asexual selection10aspeciation10aTeleogryllus1 aBailey, Nathan, W.1 aHennig, R. Matthias uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730182301980nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001300041245013000054210006900184260001600253300001400269490000800283520123200291653001801523653001701541653001201558653002001570653002701590100001901617700002401636700002401660856006601684 2017 eng d a0003347200aEffects of lifetime exposure to artificial light at night on cricket ( Teleogryllus commodus ) courtship and mating behaviour0 aEffects of lifetime exposure to artificial light at night on cri cJan-07-2017 a181 - 1880 v1293 a

Increasing evidence suggests that key fitness-related behaviours of animals related to courtship and mating may be disrupted by anthropogenic stressors, including artificial light at night (i.e. light produced from anthropogenic sources). Despite its ubiquity in urban habitats, we currently know very little about how artificial night lighting affects the reproductive behaviours of most animals. Our study examined the effects of chronic (lifetime) exposure to one of four ecologically relevant intensities of artificial light at night (0, 1, 10 or 100 lx at night) on courtship and mating behaviours and acoustic sexual signalling in a common nocturnal and crepuscular insect, the Australian black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. We found that lifetime exposure to brighter (10e100 lx) artificial light at night affected some aspects of courtship and mating behaviour: it influenced mate choice and mating efficiency in a sex-specific manner, but did not affect the multivariate structure of male courtship calls. Our results suggest that chronic exposure to bright light at night may affect some aspects of mate choice and reproductive behaviour in this common insect, and warrants further study across taxa.

10aanthropogenic10abioacoustics10ainsects10alight pollution10areproductive behaviour1 aBotha, Michael1 aJones, Therésa, M.1 aHopkins, Gareth, R. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730157402397nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245008400054210006900138260001600207300001600223490000700239520181000246100002902056700002302085700002002108700002102128856006602149 2015 eng d a0960982200aEvolution of a Communication System by Sensory Exploitation of Startle Behavior0 aEvolution of a Communication System by Sensory Exploitation of S cJan-12-2015 a3245 - 32520 v253 a

New communication signals can evolve by sensory exploitation if signaling taps into preexisting sensory biases in receivers [1 ;  2]. For mate attraction, signals are typically similar to attractive environmental cues like food [3; 4; 5 ;  6], which amplifies their attractiveness to mates, as opposed to aversive stimuli like predator cues. Female field crickets approach the low-frequency calling song of males, whereas they avoid high-frequency sounds like predatory bat calls [7]. In one group of crickets (Eneopterinae: Lebinthini), however, males produce exceptionally high-frequency calling songs in the range of bat calls [8], a surprising signal in the context of mate attraction. We found that female lebinthines, instead of approaching singing males, produce vibrational responses after male calls, and males track the source of vibrations to find females. We also demonstrate that field cricket species closely related to the Lebinthini show an acoustic startle response to high-frequency sounds that generates substrate vibrations similar to those produced by female lebinthine crickets. Therefore, the startle response is the most likely evolutionary origin of the female lebinthine vibrational signal. In field crickets, the brain receives activity from two auditory interneurons; AN1 tuned to male calling song controls positive phonotaxis, and AN2 tuned to high-frequency bat calls triggers negative phonotaxis [9 ;  10]. In lebinthine crickets, however, we found that auditory ascending neurons are only tuned to high-frequency sounds, and their tuning matches the thresholds for female vibrational signals. Our results demonstrate how sensory exploitation of anti-predator behavior can evolve into a communication system that benefits both senders and receivers.

1 aHofstede, Hannah, M. ter1 aSchöneich, Stefan1 aRobillard, Tony1 aHedwig, Berthold uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096098221501358501380nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013600041210006900177300001200246490000800258520092300266100002301189856004601212 1987 eng d00aThe Efficiency of Sound Production in Two Cricket Species, Gryllotalpa Australis and Teleogryllus Commodus (Orthoptera: Grylloidea)0 aEfficiency of Sound Production in Two Cricket Species Gryllotalp a107-1190 v1303 a

1. Males of Gryllotalpa australis (Erichson) (Gryllotalpidae) and Teleogryllus commodus (Walter) (Gryllidae) produced their calling songs while confined in respirometers.

2. G. australis males used oxygen during calling at a mean rate of 4.637 ml O2 h−1, equivalent to 27.65 mW of metabolic energy, which was 13 times higher than the resting metabolic rate. T. commodus males used oxygen during calling at a rate of 0.728 ml O2 h−1, equivalent to 4.34 mW, which was four times the resting metabolic rate.

3. The sound field during calling by males represents a sound power output of 0.27 mW for G. australis and l.51 × l0.3 mW for T. commodus.

4. The efficiency of sound production was 1.05% for males of G. australis and 0.05% for males of T. commodus. Comparison with other insect species suggests that none is more than a few percent efficient in sound production.

1 aKavanagh, Mark, W. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/4784502351nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245010700054210006900161260001600230300001400246490000700260520184900267100002302116856006602139 2004 eng d a0003347200aGenotypic variation in calling song and female preferences of the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus0 aGenotypic variation in calling song and female preferences of th cJan-08-2004 a313 - 3220 v683 a

Geographically isolated populations often show phenotypic divergence in traits important in reproduction. A large proportion of the phenotypic variation in temporal parameters of the calling song of the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus is related to geographical location. Similarity between the songs recorded in different populations reflects geographical proximity. I used a common-garden breeding experiment to determine whether differences between the songs of two populations from the extremes of the geographical and phenotypic distribution (Oahu, Hawaii and Cairns, Australia) have a genetic basis. Differences in the total song duration and the proportion of the long-chirp element in the song remained after five generations of common-garden breeding, indicating that the populations had diverged genetically for these traits. Differences in a third song trait, the intervals between sound pulses and chirps, disappeared after common-garden breeding, suggesting that either the difference between populations in these traits represents phenotypic plasticity or the populations converged as a result of adaptation to the laboratory environment. A prospective analysis of the patterns of genetic variation within populations is presented. Full-sib analyses suggested high levels of genetic variability in song traits. Family mean covariance matrices suggested that populations differ in the genetic architecture of their songs. Females from both populations preferred songs with a high proportion of the long-chirp element, and preferences appeared to have high genetic and residual variability, although the sampling variances on these parameters were high. There was little evidence of a correlation between female preference for the long-chirp element and the amount of the long-chirp element produced by their brothers.

1 aSimmons, Leigh, W. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334720400165401891nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245011400054210006900168260001600237300001400253490000700267520138500274100002001659856006601679 2005 eng d a0003347200aDifference in calling song of three field crickets of the genus Teleogryllus: the role in premating isolation0 aDifference in calling song of three field crickets of the genus  cJan-04-2005 a881 - 8890 v693 a

Cricket songs are species-specific signals that are important for species recognition. To prove the effectiveness of calling songs in premating isolation, studies need to take into account closely related species distributed sympatrically in nature. I compared the calling songs of three closely related cricket species that inhabit the Japanese archipelago: Teleogryllus yezoemma, T. emma and T. taiwanemma. Teleogryllus emma is widely distributed in the archipelago and overlaps the ranges of T. taiwanemma in the south and T. yezoemma in the north; T. yezoemma and T. taiwanemma are allopatric. I compared three temporal parameters (the long-chirp duration, the interphrase duration and the pulse cycle), a frequency parameter (the dominant frequency) and two structural parameters (the number of pulses in one long chirp and the number of short chirps following one long chirp). In addition, I conducted a two-speaker playback experiment using female T. taiwanemma to test whether they can accurately distinguish conspecific males based on their calling song. The species with partially overlapping ranges had divergent songs that females could distinguish accurately, whereas the allopatric species had similar songs that females could not accurately discriminate. These results suggest that the calling song has an important role as a premating isolation mechanism.

1 aHonda-Sumi, Eri uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334720400380X01693nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245012000054210007100174260001600245300001400261490000800275520099000283653002801273653001801301653003001319653002101349653002901370100002201399856006601421 2017 eng d a0003347200aMale–male courtship behaviour, not relatedness, affects the intensity of contest competition in the field cricket0 aMale–male courtship behaviour not relatedness affects the intens cJan-04-2017 a217 - 2200 v1263 a

Males often compete intensely against rival males because access to females is a major factor contrib- uting to their reproductive success. However, there is controversy over whether maleemale competition is weakened when rival males are related, with reduced aggressiveness leading to inclusive fitness benefits. Furthermore, same-sex sexual behaviour is also expected to mitigate maleemale contests. Here, I examined how relatedness, developmental familiarity (i.e. males reared in the same container or not) and same sex sexual behaviour affect the intensity of maleemale competition in wild-caught field crickets, Teleogryllus occipitalis. Relatedness and familiarity had no significant effect on the intensity of maleemale contest behaviour. However, same-sex sexual behaviour did weaken maleemale competi- tion. In conclusion, my results indicate that same-sex sexual behaviour in this cricket has adaptive sig- nificance by mitigating risky maleemale contest behaviour.

10aintrasexual competition10akin selection10asame-sex sexual behaviour10asexual selection10aTeleogryllus occipitalis1 aKuriwada, Takashi uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730046501422nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245010000054210006900154260001600223300001400239490000700253520092700260100002301187856006601210 1972 eng d a0003347200aGenetic control of the neuronal network generating cricket (Teleogryllus gryllus) song patterns0 aGenetic control of the neuronal network generating cricket Teleo cJan-08-1972 a478 - 4920 v203 a

Hybrid field crickets between Teleogryllus species and Gryllus species were produced to examine: (a) the genetic system controlling the neuronal network underlying song production: and (b) the neuronal mechanism responsible for the superimposed rhythms of chirping songs. Pulse numbers, intervals, and progressions were subjected to statistical and graphic analyses. Teleogryllus songs are controlled by a complex, polygenic, multichromosomal system, even at the level of ‘unitary’, acoustical parameters. Genes regulating certain pattern characteristics are on the X-chromosome’. The superficially similar chirping songs of two Gryllus species appear due to different neuronal mechanisms. One song appears to reflect a single rhythm generator with some relaxation oscillator properties, while the rhythms of the other song seem to be caused by the mixed effect of two resonant type oscillators.

1 aBentley, David, R. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334727280012500921nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260001600266300001400282490000700296520040400303100002000707856004800727 1979 eng d a0014-475400aDevelopment of the auditory tympana in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker): Experiments on regeneration and transplantation0 aDevelopment of the auditory tympana in the cricket iTeleogryllus cJan-03-1979 a324 - 3250 v353 a

Grafting and regeneration experiments on prothoracic legs of the cricketTeleogryllus commodus (Walker) demonstrate: a) that the legs retain their identity, as indicated by formation of tympanal cuticle in the adult, when transplanted to the site of a mesothoracic leg in immature animals, and b) that the presence of tympanal cuticle on a regenerate leg depends on the instar of amputation.

1 aBall, Eldon, E. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0196432802009nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260001600211300001400227490000800241520151700249100002001766700001701786856004801803 1978 eng d a0340-759400aFunctional development of the auditory system of the cricket,Teleogryllus commodus0 aFunctional development of the auditory system of the cricketTele cJan-06-1978 a131 - 1380 v1273 a

1. In Teleogryllus commodus and T . oceanicus, vibration of the tibia of the prothoracic leg at audio-frequencies stimulates auditory receptors in the tympanal organ, despite immobilization of the large tympanum by vaseline.

2.Responses of characteristic auditory interneurons in the adult cervical connective are similar whether stimulation is by sound or by vibration of the tibia (Figs. 3–5).

3.Interneurons in second-last (A-2) and last (A-1) immature instars are stimulated by sound and by vibration of the tibia and we conclude that these interneurons are the same as those recorded in adults (Figs. 6, 7). Peripheral receptors and some interneurons in the immature auditory system are, therefore, physiologically competent.

4.At the imaginai moult, auditory threshold at the optimum frequency decreases dramatically (Fig. 8 A). This increase in sensitivity to sound is attributed mainly to the appearance of the auditory tympanum in the adult. There is a much smaller increase in sensitivity to vibration of the tibia at audio frequencies between last instar nymphs and adults (Fig. 8 B).

5.From the A-2 to adult stages of T. commodus, auditory receptors stimulated by sound show a peak sensitivity at 3.8 to 4.0 kHz (Fig. 8 A). Such tuning must be independent of vibration characteristics of the tympanum and of acoustic resonance characteristics depending on the dimensions of the leg trachea.

1 aBall, Eldon, E.1 aHill, K., G. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0135229701807nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260001600283300001400299490000800313520124300321100002001564700001701584856004801601 1974 eng d a0302-766X00aStructure and development of the auditory system in the prothoracic leg of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) II. Postembryonic development0 aStructure and development of the auditory system in the prothora cJan-01-1974 a313 - 3240 v1473 a

The anatomical development of the tympanal organ, the tracheal system and the tympana of Teleogryllus commodus is described. The tympanal organ is undifferentiated until instar 3 when the first scolopales appear. The organ develops in a proximo-distal direction but the more distal groups begin to form before the proximal groups are complete. All groups of scolopidia are represented in instar 7 but numbers of scolopidia continue to increase until the adult stage. Scolopales and scolopale cells are first formed at less than adult size and increase in size during subsequent instars. The subgenual organ is present in instar 1 and is complete in instar 4. The posterior and anterior tympanal trachease develop respectively from the tracheal trunk and tracheal branch, which are present from instar 2. These remain as simple, unconnected tubes until instar 7 and begin to show the adult form during instars 8 and 9, finally enlarging in conjunction with the tympana at the last two moults. The tympana first appear as hairless areas of cuticle in the larval stages: the posterior tympanum in instar 8 and anterior tympanum in instar 10, but the translucent appearance of the adult tympana is not present before the final moult.

1 aBall, Eldon, E.1 aYoung, David uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0030746701914nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260001600272300001400288490000800302520136100310100001701671700002001688856004801708 1974 eng d a0302-766X00aStructure and development of the auditory system in the prothoracic leg of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) I. Adult structure0 aStructure and development of the auditory system in the prothora cJan-01-1974 a293 - 3120 v1473 a

The microanatomy of the adult auditory system of the cricket, Teleogryllus commodus, is described with special attention to the number and arrangement of the groups of scolopidia forming the tympanal organ.

In the proximal part of the prothoracic tibia, there is a large posterior tympanum and a smaller anterior tympanum, which are associated internally with two expanded chambers of the tracheal system. The tympanal organ, which is identical in both sexes, is situated on the dorsal surface of the anterior tympanal trachea. It contains about 70 scolopidia, divided into two main groups: the proximal group, whose attachment cells insert on large accessory cells dorsally within the tympanal organ, and the distal group, whose attachment cells insert on modified dorsal hypodermal cells. These groups can be further divided into five main types, each containing a relatively constant number of scolopidia: 1. proximal group A; 2. proximal main group with proximal neurons; 3. proximal main group with distal neurons; 4. proximal part of distal group; 5. distal part of distal group. These types differ consistently in the following features: location of sensory neuron, orientation of dendrite and scolopale cell, structure of scolopale cell, shape and orientation of attachment cell and its connection to the secondary attachment cell.

1 aYoung, David1 aBall, Eldon, E. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0030746601303nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117300001000186490000700196520087700203100002401080700001901104856004601123 1977 eng d00aAcoustic Orientation in the Cricket Teleogryllus Oceanicus (Le Guillou)0 aAcoustic Orientation in the Cricket Teleogryllus Oceanicus Le Gu a61-750 v673 a

New information is presented on acoustic orientation in crickets following a comparison between as species with a discontinuous song pattern, Scapsepidus maginatus (Murphet & Zaretsky, 1972) and one with a continuous osng pattern, Teleogrylluys oceanicus. The females acuity for side discrimination is ±10° from the body axis whereas total phonokinetic response shows a greater degree of error. Females can scan their turn angle to target angles beneath 60°. Error is expressed in terms of information loss through the total behavioural sequence. The cricket does not orient while moving, requires no fixed leg position during the stop for effective orientation and can establish source direction on the basis of at least two syllables. Evidence of differential anterioir and posterior tympanic membrane function is suggested.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aThomson, Peter uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/1720400522nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260001600247300001400263490000800277100001900285700002400304856004800328 1987 eng d a0340-759400aResponse properties of prothoracic, interganglionic, sound-activated interneurons in the cricketTeleogryllus oceanicus0 aResponse properties of prothoracic interganglionic soundactivate cJan-01-1987 a681 - 6930 v1611 aAtkins, Gordon1 aPollack, Gerald, S. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0060500900559nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210007000152260001600222100001700238700002300255700002600278700001800304700002400322856005500346 2017 eng d a0892-755300aCalls of Recently Introduced Coquí Frogs Do Not Interfere with Cricket Phonotaxis in Hawaii0 aCalls of Recently Introduced Coquí Frogs Do Not Interfere with C cJul-01-20181 aZuk, Marlene1 aTanner, Jessie, C.1 aSchmidtman, Elizabeth1 aBee, Mark, A.1 aBalenger, Susan, L. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10905-017-9597-101375nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001200214490000700226520089100233100002001124700002401144700002001168856004101188 1982 eng d00a Species-Recognition in the Field Cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus: Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms0 aSpeciesRecognition in the Field Cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus B a597-6070 v223 a

Field crickets depend on acoustic organs to detect the presence of potential predators as well as conspecific crickets. Predators are recognized largely on the basis of spectral frequencies that are contained in their acoustic signals. Puffs of air and very low frequencies activate a cricket's cercal receptors and ultrasonic frequencies activate their tympanal organs. Both of these acoustic stimuli release "escape behavior," in the form of evasive movements. An identified neuron sensitive to ultrasound is described. Crickets recognize singing conspecifics by both frequency and temporal properties of cricket songs; however species recognition requires specific temporal information in calling songs. While previous studies have emphasized the role of songs on female behavior, males also recognize conspecific songs; sexual differences in recognition behav

1 aHoy, Ronald, R.1 aPollack, Gerald, S.1 aMoiseff, Andrew uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3882581 01541nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245011100054210006900165260001600234300000800250490000700258520098500265100001701250700002501267700002301292856005601315 1998 eng d a0014382000aCalling Songs of Field Crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) With and Without Phonotactic Parasitoid Infection0 aCalling Songs of Field Crickets Teleogryllus oceanicus With and  cJan-02-1998 a1660 v523 a

The field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus has been introduced to Hawaii, where it is parasitized by an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. Previous work showed that call parameters from parasitized populations differ from those in unparasitized populations in a direction expected if selection by flies is occurring. Here we examined songs of males collected in the field and compare calling song characters of crickets later found to harbor parasitoid larvae with those of males free of parasitoids. The two groups differ significantly in several song characteristics, particularly the trill-like long chirp given at the beginning of each song. Males with longer long chirps containing shorter interpulse intervals are more likely to be parasitized, suggesting that the flies find such males more attractive. Depending on the traits females prefer, sexual selection may oppose natural selection in altering T. oceanicus song in parasitized populations.

1 aZuk, Marlene1 aRotenberry, John, T.1 aSimmons, Leigh, W. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2410931?origin=crossref01743nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245007800054210006900132260001600201300001400217490000700231520123200238100002501470700002401495856006601519 1996 eng d a0003347200aRecognition of courtship song in the field cricket,Teleogryllus oceanicus0 aRecognition of courtship song in the field cricketTeleogryllus o cJan-02-1996 a353 - 3660 v513 a

The courtship song of the cricket,Teleogryllus oceanicusplays an important role in inducing the female to mount the male, which is necessary for mating. The song consists of a short, amplitude-modulated chirp, followed by a long trill of constant intensity and high syllable rate. Using playback techniques, it was determined which physical parameters of courtship song are necessary and/or sufficient to evoke normal female mounting of muted, courting males. The higher harmonics of natural courtship song were neither necessary nor sufficient for the effectiveness of the song. The chirp component alone was sufficient to evoke normal levels of mounting, but the trill was only partially effective on its own. The conspicuous amplitude modulation of the chirp was not necessary to evoke normal responses. The results suggest that the high effectiveness of the chirp is due to its characteristic temporal pattern. As in other cricket species, the song repertoire ofT. oceanicusalso includes distinct calling and aggression songs, which contain chirps that are structurally similar to the courtship chirp. Both calling and aggression songs evoked normal mounting responses when played back in the context of courtship.

1 aBalakrishnan, Rohini1 aPollack, Gerald, S. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347296900342