02938nas a2200229   4500008004100000245013700041210006900178520212800247653001802375653001802393653001402411653001302425653001602438653003502454653001502489653002402504653003602528653002702564100002302591700002702614856006702641       2019                        eng d00aDissimilar interaction between dopaminergic and cholinergic systems in the initiation of emission of 50-kHz and 22-kHz vocalizations0 aDissimilar interaction between dopaminergic and cholinergic syst3 a<p>Rats emit 22-kHz or 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to signal their emotional state to other conspecifics. The 22-kHz USVs signal a negative emotional state while 50-kHz USVs reflect a positive affective state. The initiation of 22-kHz USVs is dependent on the activity of cholinergic neurons within the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus that release acetylcholine along the medial cholinoceptive vocalization strip. Emission of 50-kHz USVs is dependent upon the activation of dopaminergic neurons located within the ventral tegmental area that release dopamine into the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens. There have been reports that showed an antagonistic interaction between acetylcholine and dopamine during the expression of emotional states, and dopamine agonists decreased carbachol-induced emission of 22-kHz USVs. The current study tests the hypothesis that initial antagonism of dopamine receptors by systemic haloperidol or intraacumbens raclopride should increase the subsequent emission of 22 kHz USVs induced by carbachol from the lateral septum. Our findings showed that antagonism of dopaminergic signaling either via systemic haloperidol or via intracerebral raclopride did not alter the number of emitted 22-kHz USVs. Thus, inhibition of the mesolimbic dopamine system did not increase the magnitude of a negative emotional state. It was found, however, that prolonged emission of 22-kHz USVs initiated by carbachol caused a delayed rebound emission (R) of 50-kHz USVs appearing after 300 s of emission of 22-kHz USVs, i.e., when the response was subsiding. The R-50-kHz USVs were predominantly frequency modulated (FM) USVs and their number was directly proportional to the number of recorded 22-kHz USVs. The emission of R-50-kHz USVs was reversed by systemic pretreatment with haloperidol or intraacumbens injection of raclopride. It is argued that the R-50-kHz USVs represent a rebound emotional state that is opposite in valence and arousal induced by carbachol. Importantly, prolonged emission of amphetamine-induced 50 kHz USVs failed to show any vocalization rebound effect.</p>
10aAcetylcholine10aAntipsychotic10aCarbachol10aDopamine10aHaloperidol10aLaterodorsal tegmental nucleus10aRaclopride10aRebound 50-kHz USVs10aUltrasonic vocalizations (USVs)10aVentral tegmental area1 aSilkstone, Michael1 aBrudzynski, Stefan, M.  uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S009130571930259X02344nas a2200181   4500008004100000245016000041210006900201520166700270653001901937653001801956653002401974653002501998653002902023653001202052100002502064700002702089856004602116       2020                        eng d00aAssociation of medial corticostriatal regions with amphetamine-induced emission of 50 kHz vocalizations as studied by Zif-268 expression in the rat brain0 aAssociation of medial corticostriatal regions with amphetaminein3 a<p>Behavioural sensitization of locomotion and 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) following repeated amphetamine (AMPH) injections in rats has been extensively demonstrated. These two behaviours appear dissociable in their sensitization patterns and are thought to be reflective of underlying emotional states of the organism. Although AMPH is often used to induce 50 kHz USVs there is little research to date on the extent of cortical and subcortical forebrain region involvement in 50 kHz call production associated with the drug. Nor has general ergometric activity (a measure that in addition to locomotor activity includes all major muscular activity of the body) been investigated in such a framework. The present study sought to address this by performing a minimal sensitization protocol, utilizing only two injections, to investigate expression of the inducible transcription factor Zif-268 (Zif) among brain regions thought to be associated with 50 kHz USV emission. It was found that animals that spent a longer time emitting 50 kHz calls after a second AMPH injection showed statistically significant correlative patterns of Zif expression in medial prefrontal and striatal regions. These associations were not significant in animals that spent a shorter period of time calling after AMPH. There was also no significant correlation between any ergometric activity and time spent calling. The results provide evidence that the medial prefrontal cortices (prelimbic and infralimbic regions) of the rat may be involved with 50 kHz USV emission induced by AMPH in association with medial portions of the ventral and dorsal striatum.</p>
10a50 kHz calls10aD-amphetamine10aErgometric activity10aImmediate early gene10aUltrasonic vocalizations10aZif-2681 aMulvihill, Kevin, G.1 aBrudzynski, Stefan, M.  uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/57587