02055nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001300204300001400217490000700231520160800238100001701846856004601863 1999 eng d a0003-347200aSearch behaviour and mate choice by female field crickets, Gryllus integer.0 aSearch behaviour and mate choice by female field crickets Gryllu c1999 Dec a1293-12980 v583 a

The search tactics that females might employ to find a suitable mate impose different cognitive demands on searchers and some theoretical models of search behaviour presuppose that females are able to recall encountered males and return to mate with a previously sampled individual. In this study, I exposed female field crickets, Gryllus integer, to male calls either sequentially or simultaneously from two speakers in a three-arm radial maze. Subjects that were exposed to the two calls in sequence and allowed to move to the location of each call returned, in the absence of any audible signal, to the location of the call initially encountered. Subjects allowed to walk to the location of only one of two simultaneously active speakers before playback of both calls was terminated were as likely to move, in the absence of any audible signal, to the never-active speaker as to the location of the other male call. These subjects were also more likely to search all three arms of the maze and searched for a longer time than females exposed to calls sequentially. Thus, female G. integer probably do not construct a spatial representation of the locations of potential mates from the calls of males that advertise concurrently. The results of this study suggest, however, that female G. integer are able to recall previously encountered males under some conditions and may potentially employ a search tactic that is more complicated than a simple instantaneous comparison of the qualities of males that are actively calling. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

1 aWiegmann, DD uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5845101406nas a2200121 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165520093100234100002201165700001801187700002301205856005601228 1996 eng d00aTemporal patterns of parasitoid fly ( Ormia ochracea) attraction to field cricket song ( Gryllus integer)0 aTemporal patterns of parasitoid fly iOrmia ochraceai attraction 3 a

Female flies, Ormia ochracea (Diptera, Tachinidae), orient to the calling song of the field cricket Gryllus integer (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) and deposit larvae that burrow into and consume the cricket host. Selection pressure from O. ochracea has probably been important in the evolution of male cricket songs and mating behaviour in G. integer and other cricket species. Tape-recorded G. integer calling song was broadcast to study the temporal rate of attraction of O. ochracea. Flies became phonotactic to cricket song approximately at sunset, and the highest level of attraction was observed in the following hours of the evening. Fly phonotaxis decreased in the hours immediately preceding sunrise and no flies were attracted during daylight hours. More male G. integer call at sunrise and in the preceding hours than earlier in the evening, perhaps in response to the lower probability of attracting O. ochracea.

1 aCade, William, H.1 aCiceran, Mark1 aMurray, Anne-Marie uhttp://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/z96-04601063nas a2200097 4500008004100000245006500041210006400106520063400170100001700804856014400821 1981 eng d00aAlternative Male Strategies: Genetic Differences in Crickets0 aAlternative Male Strategies Genetic Differences in Crickets3 a

Male field crickets, Gryllus integer, call and attract mates, or they silently intercept females attracted to calling males. Selection experiments demonstrate that the duration of nightly calling has an important genetic component. Mean calling times in high and low lines were significantly different and had realized heritabilities of 0.50 and 0.53, respectively. Selection can operate in such a way that each of the alternative forms of male reproductive behavior is associated with a specific genetic substrate. This has not yet been shown for other species in which males adopt contrasting modes of mating behavior.

1 aCADE, W., H. uhttps://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.212.4494.563https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.212.4494.56301655nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260001600197300001200213490000700225520104800232653002201280653002001302653001901322653002001341653001901361100002101380856004801401 1986 eng d a0340-544300aFemale preferences for male calling bout duration in a field cricket0 aFemale preferences for male calling bout duration in a field cri cJan-06-1986 a73 - 770 v193 a

The calls of male field crickets attract sexually receptive females. In Gryllus integer, males differ from one another in their durations of uninterrupted calling (calling bout lengths). Tape recordings of the calls of 50 wild-caught males revealed that 14 males spent most of their calling time in short bouts (Fig. 1A), 18 in both short and long bouts (Fig. 1B), and 18 in long bouts (Fig. 1C). Re-recordings of 32 males after 3 weeks showed that calling bout lengths of individual males are stable with time (age) (Fig. 2). Three phonotaxis experiments investigated whether calling bout lengths of males affect female preferences. They demonstrated that (1) females can discriminate among conspecific males on the basis of calls alone; (2) females are preferentially attracted to males with long calling bout lengths; and (3) calling bout length is the specific factor responsible for preferential attraction. These results precisely identify a criterion that females use to discriminate among potential mates of their own species.

10afemale preference10aIndividual Male10aPotential Mate10aSpecific Factor10aTape Recording1 aHedrick, Ann, V. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0030384501066nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006400121260001600185300001000201490000800211520063400219100002100853856004600874 1981 eng d a0036-807500aAlternative male strategies: genetic differences in crickets.0 aAlternative male strategies genetic differences in crickets c1981 May 01 a563-40 v2123 a

Male field crickets, Gryllus integer, call and attract mates, or they silently intercept females attracted to calling males. Selection experiments demonstrate that the duration of nightly calling has an important genetic component. Mean calling times in high and low lines were significantly different and had realized heritabilities of 0.50 and 0.53, respectively. Selection can operate in such a way that each of the alternative forms of male reproductive behavior is associated with a specific genetic substrate. This has not yet been shown for other species in which males adopt contrasting modes of mating behavior.

1 aCade, William H. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hant/node/5313100532nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006900126260001600195300001600211490000800227100002100235856014200256 1975 eng d a0036-807500aAcoustically Orienting Parasitoids: Fly Phonotaxis to Cricket Song0 aAcoustically Orienting Parasitoids Fly Phonotaxis to Cricket Son cFeb-12-1977 a1312 - 13130 v1901 aCade, William H. uhttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.190.4221.1312https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1126/science.190.4221.131201924nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245014500054210006900199260001600268300001400284490000700298520136100305100001601666700001901682856006501701 1995 eng d a0022191000aEffects of a tachinid parasitoid, Ormia ochracea, on the behaviour and reproduction of its male and female field cricket hosts (Gryllus spp)0 aEffects of a tachinid parasitoid Ormia ochracea on the behaviour cJan-03-1995 a269 - 2770 v413 a

The larvae of the tachinid parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, develop within the body of their host, the field crickets Gryllus integer and Gryllus rubens. The fly will also develop within the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, which is not the natural host. For the first 3 days after entering a cricket, the first instar larvae grew inside the large thoracic muscles, but did little damage to the muscles during this time. They then migrated into the abdomen where they moulted, attached themselves to the body wall and fed primarily on the host's muscle and fat body, sparing the digestive system and CNS. Usually the host's reproductive system was only partially damaged. After the larvae entered the abdominal cavity, the host's mating, egg-laying and fighting ability (males) declined. This decline probably occurred due to the tissue damage wrought by the parasitoid. Less energy-demanding behaviours, such as grooming and feeding, were not affected during the entire period of infestation. During the first instar (when the parasitoid is embedded in the host's muscle), male crickets showed an increased tendency to attack other males. This increased incidence of agonistic behaviour occurred before the parasitoid caused significant tissue damage to the host and must therefore have been due to some other effect of the parasitoid.

1 aAdamo, S.A.1 aRobert, Daniel uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/002219109400095X02434nas a2200241 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260001600226300001400242490000800256520148900264653002001753653001801773653001401791653001601805653002301821653001801844653002201862653002201884100002201906700002101928856024301949 2010 eng d00aLong-distance signals influence assessment of close range mating displays in the field cricket, Gryllus integer0 aLongdistance signals influence assessment of close range mating  cJan-08-2010 a856 - 8650 v1003 a

Male sexual displays often include components detected across long distances, and those perceived only at close range. Understanding what information females gain from each component of a complex display and how they use these signals to make decisions are questions of major interest in sexual selection research. We evaluated content-based hypotheses (‘redundant signals’ and ‘multiple messages’) for the courtship displays of field crickets (Gryllus integer) by measuring female responses to males’ long-distance calling song (calls) and close-range chemical cues. Females’ responses to a male’s calls and chemical cues were uncorrelated, supporting the ‘multiple messages’ hypothesis. We also tested the ‘inter-signal interaction’ hypothesis by investigating how long-distance calls influence evaluation of close-range courtship. The relationship between long- and close-range signals was complex and conditional: females accepted close-range courtship more quickly after exposure to attractive calling song than they did after exposure to either unattractive calling song or silence, and unattractive calls were no more or less effective than silence. This inter-signal interaction could affect our understanding of mate choice in species with multiple mating signals because it implies that females may save time and energy by not assessing the close-range signals of attractive long-distance signalers.

10aacoustic signal10achemical cues10acourtship10amate choice10amultimodal signals10amultiple cues10amultiple messages10aredundant signals1 aLeonard, Anne, S.1 aHedrick, Ann, V. uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bij.2010.100.issue-4https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01472.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8312.2010.01472.x