02270nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001600204520148200220653002401702653001301726653002301739653002101762653001701783653002201800100002101822700002701843700002901870700002201899700002101921856008601942       2019                        eng d  a1045-224900aEvidence for differing trajectories of songs in urban and rural populations0 aEvidence for differing trajectories of songs in urban and rural   cJul-08-20203 a<p>Learned traits, such as foraging strategies and communication signals, can change over time via cultural evolution. Using historical recordings, we investigate the cultural evolution of birdsong over nearly a 50-year period. Specifically, we examine the parts of white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) songs used for mate attraction and territorial defense. We compared historical (early 1970s) recordings with contemporary (mid-2010s) recordings from populations within and near San Francisco, CA and assessed the vocal performance of these songs. Because birds exposed to anthropogenic noise tend to sing at higher minimum frequencies with narrower frequency bandwidths, potentially reducing one measure of song performance, we hypothesized that other song features, such as syllable complexity, might be exaggerated, as an alternative means to display performance capabilities. We found that vocal performance increased between historical and contemporary songs, with a larger effect size for urban songs, and that syllable complexity, measured as the number of frequency modulations per syllable, was historically low for urban males but increased significantly in urban songs. We interpret these results as evidence for males increasing song complexity and trilled performance over time in urban habitats, despite performance constraints from urban noise, and suggest a new line of inquiry into how environments alter vocal performance over time.</p>
10aanthropogenic noise10abirdsong10aCultural evolution10asexual selection10aUrbanization10avocal performance1 aMoseley, Dana, L1 aPhillips, Jennifer, N.1 aDerryberry, Elizabeth, P1 aLuther, David, A.1 aCandolin, Ulrika  uhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/advance-article/doi/10.1093/beheco/arz142/555110701820nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233520122700249653002701476653003501503653001701538100001901555700002101574856005501595       2018                        eng d  a1083-815500aAn increase in song pitch of eastern great tits (Parus minor) in response to urban noise at Seoul, Korea0 aincrease in song pitch of eastern great tits Parus minor in resp  cMay-10-20193 a<p>Anthropogenic noise may mask effective vocal signal transmission by birds, particularly in notes occurring in lower frequencies. Previous studies have shown a correlation of increased urban noise levels, higher minimum frequency, and lowered bandwidth in Great Tit song (Parus major). We therefore studied the effect of urban noise pollution on the song characteristics of the closely related Eastern Great Tit (EGTs, Parus minor) at Hongneung experimental forests (HEFs) in the metropolitan urban of Seoul, Korea. We analysed the song characteristics of breeding territories of EGTS in total 13 individuals recorded including four individuals at high noise group. EGTs singing in noisier locations exhibited higher minimum &amp; maximum frequency, and lower note &amp; strophe length, and higher bandwidth, replicating the different findings of Great Tits. This data also suggests that several individuals at high noise location exhibited a non-typical song type indicative of structural adaptation to higher noise levels. Although the mechanisms of these correlations are as yet undetermined, it is likely that behavioural plasticity may play a role of vocal signal adaption in an increasingly urbanizing Korea.</p>
10abehavioural plasticity10aHongneung experimental forests10aUrbanization1 aLee, Catherine1 aPark, Chan, Ryul  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11252-018-0809-z