Pithecopus rusticus (Bruschi, Lucas, Garcia, and Recco-Pimentel, 2014)

Male Pithecopus rusticus vocalized from October– January, 19:00–00:00 at temperatures from 16.1–19.4°C. Males emitted three types of calls: one advertisement call and two territorial calls, referred to as territorial call I and territorial call II. The advertisement call (Fig. 2, Table 1) consisted of a short note with a duration of 0.023 ± 0.002 ms (0.019–0.033 ms, n = 244), two pulses, and a dominant frequency of 2,311.028 ± 159.155 Hz (1,924.500–2,830.200 Hz, n = 244).

Territorial call I (Fig. 3, Table 1) was emitted dur- ing male interactions. Its duration was 0.095 ± 0.043 ms
(0.033–0.166 ms, n = 27) and dominant frequency was 2,264.904 ± 92.101 Hz (2,037.700–2,388.600 Hz, n = 27). This call consisted of two notes. The first note was 0.022 ± 0.005 ms (0.016–0.039 ms, n = 27) long and was composed of two pulses. The second note was 0.008 ± 0.002 ms (0.004–0.013 ms, n = 27) long and was composed of a single pulse. On four occasions, we ob- served the males interspersing advertisement calls with territorial call I.

Territorial call II (Fig. 4, Table 1) was emitted after territorial call I during interactions between male posi- tioned ca. 20 cm apart. Its duration was 0.911 ± 0.340 ms (0.504–1.346 ms, n = 9) and dominant frequency was 2,122.867 ± 139.496 Hz (1,924.500–2,274.900 Hz, n = 9). Territorial call II consisted of a single, multipulsed note.

The 12 recorded males measured 35.33–38.44 mm and weighed 3.0–4.6 g. Air temperature affected the duration of the advertisement call, with males decreas- ing advertisement call duration at higher temperatures (R2 = 0.53, p = 0.01; Fig. 5). There was no influence of SVL (R2 = 0.11, p = 0.28) or weight (R2 = 0.00, p = 0.86) on the dominant frequency of the advertisement calls. [1]

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