Good tutors are not dear enemies in song sparrows

Publication Type:Journal Article
Year of Publication:2017
Authors:Akçay, S. Campbell, Beecher
Journal:Animal Behaviour
Volume:129
Pagination:223 - 228
Date Published:Jan-07-2017
ISSN:00033472
Kata kunci:aggression, communication, cooperation, social learning, song learning
Abstract:

Birdsong is the most widely studied example of vocal learning outside human language and shares important parallels with it, including the importance of social factors during development. Our understanding of how social factors affect song learning, however, remains surprisingly incomplete. Here we examine the possible role of aggressive interactions in determining song ‘tutor’ choice in song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, a songbird in which individuals display song learning strategies ranging from learning primarily from one tutor, to learning a few songs each from a number of tutors. We test two hypotheses: the competition hypothesis suggests that young birds learn more from tutors with whom they compete especially intensely and predicts that tutees will respond with high aggression to tutor songs. In contrast, the cooperation hypothesis suggests that song learning reflects a cooperative relationship between the tutor and the tutee and predicts that tutees will respond with low aggression to tutor songs. In a playback experiment we found that birds responded more aggressively to songs of their tutors than they did to songs of strangers and that the strength of aggressive response correlated positively with how much they had learned from that tutor. These results provide the first field evidence for the hypothesis that young males preferentially learn their songs from adult males with whom they compete most intensely during the song-learning phase, and perhaps afterwards.

URL:http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217301719
DOI:10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.05.026
Short Title:Animal Behaviour
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Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith