Typophyllum zingara Montealegre-Z. & Morris, 1999

(1 male recorded) The single male was recorded at 1920°C. At his most active and undisturbed, calling bouts came separated by about 5s of silence (5.75, n = 4). Each bout incorporated 4-11 calls. Call period was relatively variable: on average for 9 recorded bouts it was 1.8 s. But periods ranged between 0.9-2.8s.

A call always consisted of two phonatomes (Fig. 44A). For 10 successive calls at 19°Caverage call duration was 295 ms (c.v. 1.0%). Each phonatome had a minor pulse (44 ms) followed after -5 ms by a higher amplitude major pulse (63 ms) (Fig. 44B). These measured means are identical for both phonatomes of a pair. The period of the phonatome was 176 ms (c.v. 1.0%). Downtime between phonatomes was almost identical to the duration of a major pulse: 64 ms.

Call energy is confined to a single high-Q peak at 19.7 kHz (c.v. 0.5%) (Fig. 44C). This value was obtained by averaging maximum peak values for the FFTs of ten successive calls, each spectrum calculated upon one complete call. The highly sinusoidal waveform of part of a high amplitude pulse is shown in Fig. 44D and its power spectrum in Fig. 44E. The principal carrier appears to be the first harmonic of a suppressed fundamental (Fig. 44E). The spectral peak here is very close to that of a species of Typophyllum from Ecuador, T. nr trapeziforme (23.2 kHz, Morris et al. 1989). But the number of phonatome repetitions in T. nr trapeziforme are three per call, whereas here they were always two. Also the major pulse in T. zingara at 62 ms lasts more than twice as long: compare with 26 ms in T. nr trapeziforme. [1]

References